Many describe our Wentworth ancestors as Gateway Ancestors, meaning a direct link to being descended from royalty. This is partly true, via a female line some generations back lead to being descended from King John I of England. I would consider our direct Wentworth ancestors to be more royalty adjacent.

The members of the Wentworth family of both the U.S. and Australia are descended from Thomas Wentworth, who died in 1522 in Yorkshire, England, and Jane, the daughter of Sir Oliver Mirfield.

The American Wentworth branch of New Hampshire is descended from Thomas’ son Oliver. The Wentworth branch of Virginia and Maryland, and the Australian Wentworths, are descended from another son, Roger. My line is via the son Roger Wentworth and his wife Elizabeth Wentworth, who were kin.

Roger Wentworth’s wife Elizabeth was the daughter of John Wentworth, Gentleman of Pontefract (Pomfret), who had 40 acres in Ferrybridge, West Yorkshire. Her father died when she was 13 years old. It is a 2.5-mile distance between Pontefract and Ferrybridge. Thomas Wentworth, of North Elmsall, West Yorkshire, Esquire, became her guardian and married her to his second son, Roger.

The land in Ferbrigg (Ferrybridge), consisting of forty acres, was held by John Wentworth under a system of knight-service, meaning he owed military service to the king in exchange for the land.

When John Wentworth died, the land reverted to the crown, as it was held by knight-service. King Henry VII, instead of simply taking the land, seized it in fee, meaning he took ownership of the land and its associated rights. Elizabeth, John Wentworth’s daughter and heir, was thirteen years old at the time. Henry VII also took Elizabeth into his fee, meaning he took control of her and her inheritance, including the land.

The Wentworth family was a prominent American political family, mostly based in the British colonies and later the U.S. states of New Hampshire, Maryland, and the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Sarah Wentworth is my paternal 9th great-grandmother. Many list her as born in Virginia, but she was born in Yorkshire, England, prior to the family coming to Colonial America. She was born about 1645, and died about 1700 in Stafford County, Virginia. She married in Charles County, Maryland to Daniel Mathena (Matheny), who was born at Bossenden Farm near Canterbury in County Kent, England. He died at his Hope Plantation in Stafford County, Virginia.

There is much written about my Mathena (Matheny) ancestors in Colonial America, England, and France. He was the son of William Matheny, the great-grandson of a Huguenot refugee from Flanders. I intend to fully write about him and his ancestry in the future.

Daniel Mathena went to Charles County, Maryland, where he acquired Portowne, Wentworth-Woodhouse, Fernes, Mathena’a Folly, and Cowland plantations in Charles County. He acquired Wentworth-Woodhouse from his father-in-law, Thomas Wentworth. In 1681, Daniel Mathena became embroiled in an early Protestant uprising against Lord Baltimore’s dominated Catholic government in Colonial Maryland. He was given a choice to leave Maryland or stand trial. He left to avoid prosecution for his part in the rebellion. He, with Sarah and the rest of the family, moved to present-day Stafford County, Virginia and to Hope Plantation on Aquia Creek, where he farmed tobacco.

Daniel Mathena and Sarah Wentworth had the following children:

1. Mary Matheny was born in 1663 at Mathenia’s Folly in Charles County, Maryland, and died in 1679 at Mathenia’s Folly in Charles County, Maryland.
2. Susannah Matheny was born 11 January 1664 at Mathenia’s Folly in Charles County, Maryland, and died 8 June 1708 in Stafford County, Virginia. She married first to Solomon Day, and second to John Davis. (She and husband John Davis are my direct ancestors).
3. Sarah Matheny was born in 1668 in Charles County, Maryland, and died in 1679 in Charles County, Maryland.
4. Elizabeth Matheny was born 1671 in Charles County, Maryland, and died 1674.
5. William Wentworth Matheny was born about 1665 in Charles County, Maryland, and died 12 December 1705 at Hope Plantation, Stafford County, Virginia. He married Frances, widow of Richard Mason.
6. Daniel Mathena, Jr., was born in 1674 in Charles County, Maryland, and died about 1750 in Maryland or Virginia.

Daniel and Sarah are both buried in the Aquia Episcopal Church Cemetery in Aquia, Stafford County, Virginia.

Sarah Wentworth was the daughter of Thomas Wentworth, a descendent of the Wentworth-Woodhouse (Wodehouse) families of England, and Isabell Joynson. Her father, a Gentleman, was of Wentworth’s Rest and Wentworth-Woodhouse Plantations in Charles County, Maryland. Daniel Mathena and Thomas Wentworth were neighbors.

There are two marriage records found for Thomas Wentworth. He marries Isabell (incorrectly transcribed as Scott) Joynson on 7 November 1643 at the Church of St. Martin in Womersley. Womersley is about 5 miles from South Kirkby, where he was born, and he would have been 18 years old.

The parentage of Isabell Joynson is taken from the burial record of her brother named Henry Joynson, the baptism record of her brother Henry Johnson, and the baptism record of her sister Judith Johnson. All the records list them as the children of William Joynson of Smeaton (Kirk Smeaton). Kirk Smeaton is about 3 miles from Womersley.

It’s far from easy to read the handwriting in these Womersley church records from the Tudor era. Those attempting to transcribe the records read Isabell as Scott, but when I viewed the church record and researched handwriting styles of this period, her name is clearly listed as Isabell Joynson.

They listed Henry Joynson as Judaby! Once again, when I viewed the church record, it took me a while to realize that it said Henry. I knew Judaby was incorrect.

Also, in the Judith Johnson baptism record they list her as Indith. I was able to see pretty quickly that it was Judith.

William Joynson had at least five children:

1. Isabell Joynson was born about 1627 in Kirk Smeaton, Yorkshire, and died before January 1658 at Womersley, Yorkshire. She married Thomas Wentworth on 7 November 1643 at the Church of St. Martin in Womersley, Yorkshire.
2. Henry Joynson was born about 1630 in Kirk Smeaton, Yorkshire, and buried 7 June 1641 in the churchyard of St. Martin in Womersley, Yorkshire.
3. Judith Johnson was baptized 20 September 1635 at the Church of St. Martin in Womersley, Yorkshire.
4. Henry Johnson was baptized 21 July 1641 at the Church of St. Martin in Womersley, Yorkshire.
5. Elizabeth Joynson, spinster, was buried 11 January 1668 in the churchyard of St. Martin in Womersley, Yorkshire.

Willliam Joynson may have been related to:

1. James Johnson, who married Ann Kirby on 27 September 1661 at the Church of St. Martin in Womersley, Yorkshire.
2. Thomas Johnson, who married Anne Sate on 14 November 1661 at the Church of St. Martin in Womersley, Yorkshire. This Thomas Johnson may have been the Thomas who was the schoolmaster at Kildwick, Yorkshire.

Isabell Joynson, wife of Thomas Wentworth, would have been the mother of our ancestor Sarah Wentworth Mathena. Isabell dies before January 1658 when Thomas Wentworth marries second to Elizabeth Hodgson at the Church of St. Martin in Womersley. This second wife would have been the one to come to Colonial Virginia with him.

Thomas Wentworth was christened on 13 September 1625 at All Saints in South Kirkby, Yorkshire, England. He was the son of Richard Wentworth and Anne Holgate. He was born into a cadet branch of the ancient Wentworth family. Anne Holgate was baptized on 27 January 1603 at Royston, Yorkshire, England, as the daughter of Henry Hoalgate (Holgate). Based on her baptism record it shows that Henry Holgate lived in Grimethorpe. The name of the wife of Henry Holgate is unknown, some link him as being married to a woman named Mary Walker, but I have not seen any church records or other documentation to link her conclusively as being married to Henry Holgate of Grimethorpe, Yorkshire, England. Although, it is a possibility. She may be the Mary Walker baptized on 6 February 1585 in Kildwick, Yorkshire, England, as the daughter of George Walker and Jeneta ____.

Henry Holgate was baptized 17 November 1582 in Halifax, Yorkshire, England, and died 18 March 1657 in Grimethorpe, Yorkshire, England. He was the son of John Holgate.

Some list Henry Holgate as the son of John Holgate and Ellena Specke. This is not possible for John was only twelve years old when the marriage of this couple took place. Johannes (John) Holgat married Ellena Specke on 18 May 1561 in Halifax, Yorkshire, England. He was most-likely kin.

Our John Holgate married Grace Normanton on 6 November 1570 in Halifax, Yorkshire, England.

They had at least one child, a daughter, named Mary Holgate. She was baptized 1 February 1573 at Halifax, Yorkshire, England, and buried 15 November 1595 at St. John the Baptist churchyard in Halifax, Yorkshire, England.

Grace Normanton Holgate would have died prior to him marrying again in 1576.

Johne Holgate married Margaret Vicars on 1 July 1576 at St John the Baptist, Halifax, Yorkshire, England.

We know that Margaret Vicars was the daughter of Edmund Vicars of Birstall, Yorkshire, England. Margaret was baptized 1 December 1540 in Halifax, Yorkshire, England. This makes Margaret aged thirty-five when she married.

Only the name of the father is listed in the baptism records, so I am assuming his wife Margaret Vicars was the mother of all these children. John Holgate had the following children:

1. Michaell Holgate baptized August 1577 at St. John the Baptist Church Halifax, Yorkshire, England. He married Sara Cheetam on 13 April 1607 at St. John the Baptist Church Halifax, Yorkshire, England.
2. Prudence Holgate baptized 11 August 1577 in Halifax, Yorkshire, England. She died 11 November 1632 in Halifax, Yorkshire, England.
3. John Holgate baptized 14 September 1579 in Halifax, Yorkshire, England, and was buried 10 January 1619/1620 at St Peter’s, Birstall, Yorkshire, England. He married Elizabeth Roods on 4 July 1604 at St Peter’s Church, Birstall Yorkshire, England.
4. Susan Holgate who married Isaac Wilson on 15 May 1611 at St. John the Baptist Church, Halifax, Yorkshire, England. She died 11 November 1632 in Overton, Yorkshire, England. As adults, most of her children migrated to Colonial Massachusetts.
5. Henry Holgate baptized on 17 November 1582 at St. John the Baptist Church Halifax, Yorkshire, England. He died 18 March 1657 at Grimethorpe, Yorkshire, England. His wife’s name may have been Mary Walker.
6. Grace Holgate baptized 27 February 1585 at St. John the Baptist Church Halifax, Yorkshire, England.
7. Sara Holgate baptized 27 February 1586 at St. John the Baptist Church, Halifax, Yorkshire, England. She married James Wilkinson on 13 Oct 1618 at St. John the Baptist Church, Halifax, Yorkshire, England.
8. Ester Holgate baptized 3 November 1588 at St. John the Baptist Church, Halifax, Yorkshire, England.

Back to our Wentworth ancestors. Thomas Wentworth was christened on 13 September 1625 at All Saints in South Kirkby, Yorkshire, England. He was the son of Richard Wentworth and Anne Holgate.

Richard Wentworth was the son of Sir William Wentworth, Sr. and Margaret Hales.

“Sir William Wentworth of South Kirkby Son & Heir of Sir Thomas Wentworth Marryed Margaret Daughter of Sir Alex’r Hales and had issue Sir Thomas, Richard, Michael, Hugh, Ann Marryed to John Rayes Esqe and Eliz marryed to Thomas Horncastle Esqe“. (1)

Sir William Wentworth was the son of Sir Thomas Wentworth (II) and his wife Ursula Swinnowe. Ursula Swinnowe was the daughter of John Swinhow.

“Sir Thomas Wentworth of South Kirkby Marryed Ursula Daughter of John Swinowe Esqe and had issue, Sir William & John, Thomas, & Dorothy Marryed to Mr Bolton, Frances to Mr. Hewett“. (1)

Sir Thomas Wentworth (II) was the son of Sir Thomas Wentworth (I) and Elizabeth Flinthill, the daughter of Edward Flinthill.

“Sir Thomas Wentworth of South Kirkby Son, Heir of Roger Wentworth Marryed Eliz Daughter & Heir of Sir William Flinthill and had issue Sir Thomas, Roger, Christopher, Hugh and Alice Marryed to John Barker Esqe, Isabel Marryed to Thomas Fliteholle Esqe“. (1)

Sir Thomas Wentworth (I) was the son of Roger Wentworth and his wife, Elizabeth Wentworth. At the beginning of this post, I discussed the relationship between Roger Wentworth and his wife Elizabeth Wenworth, who were kin to each other.

“Roger Wentworth of South Kirkby, Esqe, Second Son of Sir Thomas Wentworth of North Elmshall Marryed Eliz Daughter and sole heir of Mr John Wentworth of Poulepott and had issue Thomas, William, John, Henry & Isabel, Marryed to Lione Portington of Barnybydunn Esqe, Eliz Marryed to Sir Nicholas Fitzwilliams of Bently near Doncaster“. (2)

Roger Wentworth, Esq. was the second son of Sir Thomas Wentworth of North Elmsall, England, and Jane Mirfield (daughter and eventual posthumous co-heiress of Oliver Mirfield of Howley by his wife Isabel Savile).

Sir Thomas Wentworth was the son of John Wentworth, Esq. of North Elmsall, England and Joan Calverley.

It is at this point, with our ancestor Joan Calverley, that our line becomes directly descended from English Royalty.

She was the daughter of Walter Calverley and Elizabeth Markenfield (the daughter of Sir Thomas Markenfield and Beatrice Sotehill).

My family line going back to King John I of England, is as follows:

1. Beatrice Sotehill and Sir Thomas Markenfield.
2. Henry Sotehill and Eleanor Moseley.
3. Sir Henry Sotehill and Joan FitzWilliam.
4. Sir William FitzWilliam and Maude de Cromwell.
5. Sir Ralph Cromwell and Maud de Bernacke.
6. Sir John Bernacke and Joan Marmion.
7. Sir John Marmion and Maud de Furnival.
8. Sir John Marmion and Isabel _____.
9. Sir William Marmion and Lora de Dover.
10. Rose (Rohese) de Dover and Sir Richard FitzRoy.
11. King John I of England and his mistress Adela De Warenne.

King John I and his mistress Adela De Warenne were related. She was his half-first cousin. Being descended from this couple does make us related to many, many people, including royalty, historical figures, politicians, etc.

The scandalous Barbara Wentworth. She was a sister to our ancestor, Thomas Wentworth. Both were the children of Roger Wentworth and Elizabeth Wentworth. I discussed Roger and Elizabeth earlier. Roger’s father, Thomas Wentworth, became the guardian of Elizabeth at age 13 after her father, John Wentworth, died, and he married her to his second son, Roger Wentworth.

Being from a cadet branch of the Wentworth family, Barbara’s family were considered of the minor nobility during the Tudor era.

When she was five years old, her parents arranged for her to be married to Anthony Norman, who was seven years old. Thereafter, the couple lived with Barbara’s parents.

Once Barbara reached the age of twelve, it was considered to be the age of consent for marriage to a Tudor woman. At the time, she stated that she would never accept Anthony as her husband. According to witnesses, her relations tried to persuade her to accept Anthony as her husband. She was not convinced despite the pleas from her family and expressed she could not “fynde it in hir harte to love hym.” It was said that some saw Anthony try to kiss her occasionally after returning from travels, but she always rejected his attempts.

When Barbara was about twenty-three years old, in 1549, she tried to have the marriage annulled. We can reasonably conclude that her reasons were because she wanted to marry someone else.

Documents regarding this case are available to read at York, including witness statements. Her husband, Anthony, fought against having the marriage annulled. His own witnesses aim to prove that the “lowe pepill” of the area considered them to be man and wife, and that they had lived together under the same roof up until five years prior.

The actual judgement documents are not available and have been lost to time, but the laws at the time were generally accepted to mean that marriages conducted between children were not valid unless both parties consented upon reaching the age majority and the union must have been consummated. The documents show that once Barbara was old enough, she did not consent to the marriage, and that it was not consummated.

A few months later, in January 1550, Barbara remarried, so we can conclude that her marriage to Anthony was deemed invalid. It appears that her new groom would have been able to know of the verdict and would not have taken her to be his wife, if he believed she was still legally married to Anthony. After all, the banns were called, and the marriage was performed in public.

The marriage banns were read at Adwick-le-Street in Christmas week 1549 for Barbara’s marriage to Robert Holgate, Archbishop of York, and evidently no objections were made. The wedding was at Bishopthorpe (where the Archbishops of York officially resided) on 15th January 1550.

The Church of England under the reign of Edward VI had no requirement for celibacy. He was aged sixty-eight when the marriage took place. He was old enough to be her grandfather!

We also have a connection to the Holgate family of Archbishop Robert Holgate. Our ancestor Thomas Wentworth, brother of Barbara Wentworth, had a great-grandson, Richard Wentworth, who married Anne Holgate.

We know that our ancestor Anne Holgate was baptized on 27 January 1603 at Royston, Yorkshire, England, as the daughter of Henry Hoalgate (Holgate). In Dugdale’s Visitation of Yorkshire, it shows that her father, Henry Holgate, was of Grimethorpe, Yorkshire. The distance between where Henry lived in Grimethorpe and where his daughter was baptized at Royston is 4.9 miles.

Archbishop Robert Holgate was born about 1482 in Hemsworth, Yorkshire. He was the son of Thomas Holgate and Elizabeth Champernon.

Hemsworth is 4.8 miles from Grimethorpe. There was a distant kinship between Archbishop Robert Holgate, and our ancestor, Anne Holgate Wentworth. She was born one-hundred and twenty-one years after the birth of the Archbishop.

It’s difficult to gauge Barbara’s feelings about marrying someone old enough to be her grandfather. During the entire resulting scandal, only the perspectives of the men are expressed. We can only make assumptions about Barbara’s thoughts. We might conclude that the marriage was likely her decision, since she initiated the annulment of her marriage to Anthony Norman in order to marry Archbishop Holgate.

The reasons why Archbishop Holgate wanted to marry are known. He married in order to prove his Protestantism to the skeptical Duke of Northumberland.

Her family appears to have been quite upset regarding the situation. It is impossible to determine if their anger stemmed from her annulment with Anthony or her union with the Archbishop. This period in England was one of significant upheaval, and not everyone supported the notion that clergy could abandon their vow of celibacy.

Barbara’s father’s will, created in 1551 just after her marriage to the Archbishop, does not mention her at all, as he bequeaths all his assets to his other three children. Nevertheless, her brother seems to have maintained a connection with her, as his own will names her as an executor.

It is rumored that Barbara had two children with the Archbishop, but there is no evidence to support this claim. This is not uncommon, as births were seldom recorded unless the child belonged to the highest ranks of the nobility. In 1558, a Robert Holgate from Yorkshire entered Christ’s College, Cambridge. He may have been a son of Robert Holgate and Barbara Wentworth.

Their lifestyle appears to have been quite comfortable. The archbishop was influential and affluent, suggesting that Barbara enjoyed the privileges of a noblewoman, including luxurious clothing, exquisite cuisine, and numerous servants at her service. The inventories of the Archbishop revealed lavish items such as Turkish carpets, beds filled with down feathers, and gold dishes among their luxuries.

Two years following the marriage between Barbara and the Archbishop, Anthony went to the king’s council seeking to reclaim Barbara. Anthony was in significant debt. Did Anthony want her back because he truly loved her? Or did he believe he might receive financial restitution for the “losses” he had endured?

His lawsuit must have been rejected, as the Council called for an investigation, and nothing further was heard about it. Later, the council awarded funds to the Archbishop and his wife together, indicating that their union likely received their formal endorsement.

Following the death of the Protestant King Edward in 1553, there was a last-ditch effort by the Duke of Northumberland to install his daughter-in-law Jane Grey as queen, but ultimately, the Catholic Queen Mary ascended to the throne.

When Queen Mary ascended to the throne in 1553 and reinstated Catholicism in England, Holgate was imprisoned in the Tower and subsequently lost his position for violating his vow of celibacy. In March 1554, all his assets, including jewelry and silverware, were confiscated. In addition to his opulent decorations, the Archbishop possessed a significant number of livestock, including 2,500 sheep and “four or five score” horses. Everything was sold prior to any official accusations being made against him, about which he later expressed great dissatisfaction.

In the latter months of 1554, Archbishop Holgate composed a letter of “apology” to the Queen, admitting to his transgressions and renouncing them. He stated that he had made an unwise marriage, setting a poor example, but claimed he wedded Barbara only to avoid being labeled a papist by the Duke of Northumberland. He sincerely expressed remorse for this and implored the queen for her pardon. The Queen forgave him. After paying the crown £1,000 for his offenses, and a bond of 20,000 marks required by the Queen to assure his “good behavior.” Holgate was released from the Tower in January 1555 but was never allowed to resume his priestly office. But he did regain many of his estates – at Yeddingham, Huggate, Hemsworth, Malton and York, promising to use his assets for charitable purposes. He passed away in London that November, leaving a will proved 5th December 1556.  

During his life, he established three grammar schools in Hemsworth, where he was born. Later, in the late nineteenth century, the school moved to Barnsley; ironically, its old Hemsworth buildings are now the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart. He also established schools in Malton, where he had served as Prior of the Gilbertines, and York.

In his will of 1555, he provided that almshouses should be built to provide for persons aged 60 years or over from the ancient parishes of Hemsworth, Felkirk, South Kirkby, and Wragby. Originally located near the Hemsworth church, they were relocated to a new location on the outskirts of Hemsworth in 1860. Today, Archbishop Holgate’s Hospital provides 24 self-contained homes for its almspeople. Barbara Wentworth Holgate is not mentioned in the will of her husband.

So, what became of Barbara? The documentation regarding her concludes with the Archbishop’s decision to renounce their marriage. A 19th-century author suggested that she went back to Anthony and was reunited with him as his wife, but there is no proof to back up that claim.

It is likely she never married again. Individuals opposed to married clergy might have viewed her as lacking in morals. Additionally, there were likely some who believed she was rightly considered Anthony’s spouse.

It is believed that she owned Scrooby in 1558, due to the grant that provided her joint ownership with the Archbishop. She probably kept the estate for the remainder of her life and relied on its income for support.

We do not know the date of Barbara’s death or where she is buried. I like to think of Barbara as being a strong woman of her time. As we are currently celebrating Women’s History Month in the month of March, I felt it was a perfect time to write about her. She endured years of pressure from her family to accept the marriage to Anthony Norman, a man they had selected for her, but she refused to give in. She then filed a lawsuit for an annulment of her marriage in the church courts. By marrying the Archbishop, she disobeyed her family and the local religious conservatives and would have faced a great deal of social rejection, and possibly downright animosity. Her husband, Archbishop Holgate, for whom she had made so many sacrifices, subsequently rejected her, claiming that he had only married her to keep from being perceived as a Catholic.

Wenworth and Holgate Surname Meanings:

Wentworth. An English surname, a habitational name from Wentworth in Yorkshire. The placename probably derives from the Old English personal name Wintra + Old English worth ‘enclosure’. (3)

Holgate. An English surname from Middle English hol(e) ‘hollow’ + gat(e), gate ‘path, road’. The name may be topographic, for someone who lived by a ‘hollow road’, or habitational from any of several places so named, such as three places called Holgate in Yorkshire. (4)

My direct line, beginning with the ancestors I share with Barbara Wentworth Holgate:

1. Roger Wentworth and Elizabeth Wentworth.
2. Sir Thomas Wentworth and Elizabeth Flinthill.
3. Sir Thomas Wentworth and Ursula Swinnowe.
4. Sir William Wentworth and Margaret Hales.
5. Richard Wentworth and Anne Holgate.
6. Thomas Wentworth and Isabell Joynson.
7. Sarah Wentworth and Daniel Mathena (Matheny).
8. Susanna Matheney and John Davis.
9. Susannah Davis and Charles Thomas.
10. Mary Thomas and Jeremiah York.
11. Lydia York and James Watts.
12. Lydia Watts and Lewis Gooden.
13. Mary Ann Gooden and McGuire Doughty.
14. John Louis Doughty and Cynthia Ann Barrett.
15. Mary Adalaide “Mame” Doughty and James Francis Fay (my great-grandparents).

References:

1. Wentworth Family – Tudorplace.come.ar
2. (WMB). English Origins of New England Families; Second in Three Volumes; Vol III; Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc.; 1985; pg 665.
3. Wentworth Surname Meaning. ancestry.com
4. Holgate Name Meaning. familysearch.org

Additional sources:

1. The Scandalous Barbara Wentworth. The History Geeks. facebook.com

To learn more about our Wentworth family in general and our kin that went to New Hampshire:

1. Wentworth Family. en.wikipedia.org
2. The Wentworth Takeover: How One Family Dominated Portsmouth and New Hampshire 1715-1775. portsmouthathenaeum.org
3. The rise and fall of NH’s first family at Portsmouth Athenaeum by Sherry Wood. seacoastonline.com

To learn more about King John I of England:

1. John Lackland (r. 1199-1216). royal.uk
2. John (c.1167 – 1216). bbc.co.uk
3. John of England. simple.wikipedia.org

To learn more about Archbishop Robert Holgate:

1. Robert Holgate, Archbishop. historyofyork.org.uk
2. Tudor Minute November 15, 1555: Robert Holgate Died by Heather Teyskor. englandcast.com
3. The Last Will of Robert Holgate alias Halgate, Doctor of Divinity and late Archbishop of York. archbishopholgatehospital.org
4. Archbishop Robert Holgate and his Hospital. onceiwasacleverboy.blogspot.com
5. Robert Holgate. en.wikipedia.org

If you use any information from my blog posts as a reference or source, please give credit and provide a link back to my work that you are referencing. Unless otherwise noted, my work is © Anna A. Kasper 2011-2025. All rights reserved. Thank you.